This is a simplified version of what tap water goes through. The raw water first goes to coagulation where chemicals are added; then the water is sent to Flocculation where it get mixed to make particles in the water stick together; Flocculation removes the large particles in water. Then the water is sent to sedimentation, which is when gravel accumulates, where the heavy particles can now sink and be removed from the water. After that the water is sent to filtration where it filtrates through sand, coal, and other substances. The disinfection stage is where the water company removes unwanted pathogens that could harm you. The picture below is of the layers of the filtration step. The arrows pointing away from the diagram that are not finished water are waste that is ridden of.
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/images/SWT/SchematicConvFilter.gif
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/swt.shtml#coagulation
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